MUSEUM OF PHOTOGRAPHY
This Site is about old cameras, their historical way and history of photography.
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. . . . One ( or two ) million years B.C., the primitive person adjusted as the first life could. Life was then difficult, even heavy. It confirms also that fact, that anybody from those contemporaries has not lived about today's happy days. The first person in the household was not arranged. He had not even the photocamera. Though on creation of those already reflected, noticing as simple hole in a wall of a dark cave rejects on the bleached skin of the killed mammoth the image of a landscape " behind a window ". So proceeded rather long, the person had to expect the termination(ending) of the Stone Age for during this period to do(make) the camera it was resolute there is nothing (in shops was has strained with components). Then, already more recently (350 years B.C.), one self-educated person - Aristotel, has in general described the so-called chamber - obscura. Little bit later Leonardo da Vinchi has created рассчеты and the instruction on its(her) application. Went like clockwork further. In 1830 French Zhozef Nisefor N'eps and Lui-Jacque Mande Dager have received already the first photoprints reminding present. The Englishman William Foks Genri Tal'bot has improved this process, "and was incurred(carried)". Cameras became serial. All conducting powers have started to let out them chase each other almost. Manufacture of cameras is a serious and expensive(dear) pleasure for the industry of any country. In the beginning of XX century the basic manufacturers of cameras were: Germany, England, France, Japan and... Russia (then it was the advanced country, instead of collapsing as now). You have noticed that the list did not include America? Though certainly, in this company of her(it) it is possible to enlist, - nevertheless camrs it riveted much. The matter is that America actually had no technical base in this branch. And firm Kodak praised (deservedly) collected the cameras from what it is necessary, - mainly from German details. George Eastman has untwisted the business still in 1880 (though has registered only in 1901), having created the chamber, charged similarity of a roller film. From the very beginning He was possessed by correct idea: to release(exempt) the photographer from routine processing a film, having planned to create everywhere firm laboratories for development and seales. His motto was: "You press on the button, - we make for you everything else". Talented G.Eastman has thought up as also this name: "Kodak". Such word in a nature is not present. And the letter "K" least used in the English language though and most beautifully sounds. For this beautiful sounding Eastman also has used her(it) already twice, simply having invented this word, "has made up". And since then one century Kodak is the leader in manufacture of photographic materials (and cameras Kodak always were beautiful and... Very bad in comparison with others. See above). Well we have distracted, we shall proceed(pass) to essence: we shall pass(miss) so years 50. Notwithstanding what all types of photoobjectives used and to this day were designed and created up to 1910, cameras of that period a special variety did not differ. Differences concerned basically the sizes of the chamber and a format of the staff to which uniform standard long could not come, here there was a full anarchy. Yet was not to the world great mechanics, Austrian Oskar Barnack and has not stopped these disgraces. It is possible to tell, - the photo then has received the first Oscar. He has told: "We' ll go in other way!" (subsequently someone from politicians sead so), also has created that than all of us (and you) used about today. In 1913-1916 he made the camera in that kind in which it is and now. Industrial production of this device in 1924 the beginnings the best German firm on microscopes "Ernst Leitz Wetzlar" (trial "a series - 0" in 1923 - 30st.), also has named device LeitzCamera, or in abbreviated form: Leica. This legendary name. With his(its) occurrence there was a revolution (in good sense). Epoch was replaced. Creation of "Leica" equivalently to the invention of the phone. You an old song of military correspondents do you listen ? - "With the Leica and a notebook, and even with a machine gun, through fire and an icy cold we have passed". It is about this camera.... A legend! Yes you know it, - here it is on 07 page.... Well and all right. We too not are embroidered with a bast (were then). In 1929 have started to copy typical German boxes "accordions" 9х12. In Moscow it turned out "Arfo" and "Efte", and on Leningrad "GOMZ" it was "Photocor № 1" (was issued 12 years, but up to № 2 imagination and has not reached). Then, in 1934 on Ukraine in Kharkov, really talented teacher and organizer A.S.Makarenko has collected entrusted to it(him) on re-education of young criminals in a uniform colony a commune of new type. Having collected them... He ordered them to disassemble "Leica", the most simple, - model "2". Then, having copied each detail, the commune began to rivet, as then spoke, - "the Soviet Leicas", such rate, that in the Germany only "jaws have opened wide". Makarenko has named this camera "Pioneer", but in couple of months has thought again (or has prompted who), and the device have quickly renamed in honour of the most important chief, - Feliks Edmundovitch Dzerjinski- "FED". The model appeared successful and was issued without changes more than 25 years. In 1948 Moscow (Krasnogorsk) and as has taken part in release of this chamber under mark "Sharp-sighted" was connected. Well and what others? Too were not idle. Events roughly developed, all at once will not describe. But short: in 1934 the USSR (in Leningrad) create the best on that moment and first-ever (having outstripped even Carl Zeiss for the whole year. There was a power!) The mirror camera 24х36 "Sport". A trace, in the same place on "GOMZ" in 1936 create the best in the world on that moment professional device "Reporter". Except for it amateur devices are issued many: the Tourist, the VOMP- FAG, the Liliputian, Malishca, the Record, Chiclokamera, etc. Germans certainly all the same were leaders, but we not so lagged behind. The further is known to all. Then there was a war. We have won. Germans have lost. Then we have won Stalin's opposite cult. Have then won Socialism. Now Russia does not make cameras. Any. And to other industry of the did not remain. And what for? We shall take all from China. Do not trust?
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